Cedrus deodara

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Mature seed cone of Cedrus deodara
Species name: Cedrus deodara

These are evergreen conifers known for their ornamental value and broadly used as timber. their wood has aromatic smell with red or red-tinged colour and is decay-resistant and insect-repellent.


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Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
Names of users who have contributed to this species page shwetankverma
Date on which this page was first created 2010/08/25
This page was last modified on: 6 September 2010 15:08:16
Name of the species Cedrus deodara
ID on Encyclopedia of Life
Synonyms Please check Binomial Classification section for synonyms.
Common English Names Deodar Cedar
Common Hindi Names देओदार
Common Indian names Dabdaru,Devadaru, Devadarus, Devdar(Bengali); Devdar, Vanseodeodar(Gujarati); Bhadradaru, Devadara, Devadari, Devadaru, Gunduguragi, Kelmang, Pitadaru(Kannada); Devataram(Malayalam); Devadaru, Dewadar(Marathi); Dada, Dewdar, diar, Geyar, Kairval, Kalain, Kalon(Punjabi); Devadaari, Tevadaram, Tevadari, Tevadaru, Tevataram, Tevataru, Vandugolli(Tamil); Devadari, Devadaru, Devadaruvu(Telugu) Plants Database of India
Origins/Meanings of the common names he specific epithet and English vernacular name derive from the Sanskrit term devadāru, which means "wood of the gods", a compound of deva (god) and dāru (wood). wiki

Taxonomy from Encyclopedia of Life

If nothing is displayed in this section, it means the EoL ID has not been defined. Please click on Edit with form button on top and follow the instructions for filling in the EoL ID

{{#EoLOnlyHierarchy:}} 

Taxonomy filled in form

Angiosperm phylogeny. This image is copyrighted. Rights owned by Theodore C.H.Cole (Heidelberg) and Hartmut H. Hilger (Berlin) 2010. Please obtain copyright permissions before reuse.
Click here for the PDF of the phylogeny
Taxon Value
Regnum (Kingdom) Plantae
Division Pinophyta
Class Pinopsida
Order Pinales
Family Pinaceae
Genus Cedrus
Source of data wiki

Other closely related species

SpeciesDivisionCommon nameCommon Hindi name
Cedrus deodaraDeodar Cedarदेओदार
SpeciesClassCommon nameCommon Hindi name
Cedrus deodaraPinopsidaDeodar Cedarदेओदार
SpeciesOrderCommon nameCommon Hindi name
Cedrus deodaraPinalesDeodar Cedarदेओदार
SpeciesFamilyCommon nameCommon Hindi name
Cedrus deodaraPinaceaeDeodar Cedarदेओदार
SpeciesGenusCommon nameCommon Hindi name
Cedrus deodaraCedrusDeodar Cedarदेओदार

Based on classification

More details can be found in the Binomial Classification section.

Morphology from Encyclopedia of Life

If nothing is displayed in this section, it means the EoL ID has not been defined. Please click on Edit with form button on top and follow the instructions for filling in the EoL ID

{{#EoLOnlyDescription:}} 

General morphology

Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
General morphological features of the plant Trees up to 30 m tall with spreading horizontal branches; branchlets drooping. Leaves acicular, 2.5 cm long, 3‑sided. Male cones solitary at the tips of dwarf shoots, erect, cylindrical, purplish at maturity, 2.5‑4.5(‑7) cm long; microsporophylls spirally arranged, each with 2 oblong sporangia; micropores not winged. Female cones solitary, erect, terminal at the end of shoots; young cones greenish, mature cones brown, barrel‑shaped, 7‑12 x 5‑9 cm; sporophylls fan‑shaped, deciduous, leaving a central woody axis. Seeds obovate, 4‑6 mm (excluding wing), with a large light brown wing."Trees up to 30 m tall with spreading horizontal branches; branchlets drooping. Leaves acicular, 2.5 cm long, 3‑sided. Male cones solitary at the tips of dwarf shoots, erect, cylindrical, purplish at maturity, 2.5‑4.5(‑7) cm long; microsporophylls spirally arranged, each with 2 oblong sporangia; micropores not winged. Female cones solitary, erect, terminal at the end of shoots; young cones greenish, mature cones brown, barrel‑shaped, 7‑12 x 5‑9 cm; sporophylls fan‑shaped, deciduous, leaving a central woody axis. Seeds obovate, 4‑6 mm (excluding wing), with a large light brown wing." cannot be used as a page name in this wiki. EOL
Seed dispersal mechanism Zoophily (By vertebrates)
Bloom type Perennial
Life cycle of the plant

How to identify this species

For a detailed description, refer to the General Morphology details above

Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
Type of plant Woody (Tree/Shrub)
Plant height More than 10 feet
Flower color
Flower shape
Floral symmetry
Phyllotaxy of leaves
Leaf shape
Is the leaf petiolated or sessile?
Is the leaf simple or compound?

Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
IUCN Conservation Status
Indian States in which the species has been documented Haryana,Himachal Pradesh,Jammu and Kashmir,Meghalaya,Tamil Nadu,Uttarakhand Plant database of India
Locations at which the species has been documented
Biotic zones inhabited Northeastern Himalayas, Northwestern Himalayas
Details about the habitat The `cedar' is commonly gregarious at altitudes from 2000‑3000 m. EOL
Is this species native to India? Yes AHS Encyclopdia
Is the species indigenous/endemic to Sub-Himalayan regions? Yes AHS Encyclopdia
Is the species indigenous/endemic to Western Ghats?
Is the species indigenous/endemic to Eastern Ghats?

More plants native to India

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Abelmoschus moschatusOkra, Abelmosk, Ambrette seeds, Annual hibiscus, Bamia Moschata, Galu Gasturi, Muskdana, Musk mallow, Musk okra, Musk seeds, Ornamental okra, Rose mallow seeds, Tropical jewel hibiscus, Yorka okraमुश्कदाना Mushkdana, कस्तूरीदाना Kasturi-dana, जंगली भिंडी Jangli bhindi
Acacia concinnaSoap podशिकाकाई ShikakaiWoody (Tree/Shrub)Northeastern Himalayas
Eastern Ghats
Western Ghats
Central Deccan Plateau
East Coast
West Coast
Indo-Gangetic Plain
Acrostichum aureumGolden leatherfern, Mangrove fernFernNortheastern Himalayas
Eastern Ghats
East Coast
Indo-Gangetic Plain
Outlying Islands
Aegle marmelosBel, Beli fruit, Bengal quince, Stone apple, Wood appleबेल Bel
Allium sativumCultivated Garlicलेह्सन Lehsan
… further results

If no maps are displayed below, it means the required data is absent. Click on "Edit with form" button on top of the page to add this information.
{{#generateMap:Haryana,Himachal Pradesh,Jammu and Kashmir,Meghalaya,Tamil Nadu,Uttarakhand|Cedrusdeodara_brahma.svg|align=center}}

Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
Does this species have any medicinal use? Yes

Other plants of the same family having medicinal use:

Species nameCommon nameCommon Hindi nameFamilyAilment typeMedicinal use description
Cedrus deodaraDeodar CedarदेओदारPinaceaeInfectious diseases
Pains and Inflammation
Cancer
Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
General types of ailments this species is used for treating Infectious diseases, Pains and Inflammation, Cancer
Specific ailments for which the species is used anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cancer, Urethritis, Diuretic himalaya
Medicinal systems which use this plant Ayurveda himalaya
Details of Medicinal use
Parts of the plant used for treatment Bark himalaya
Names of some medicinal active compounds in this plant, if known. Himalayan Cedarwood Oil contains two major sesquiterpenoids a - and ß- himachalenes1. Deodarone2 and deodardione3 are also isolated from the essential oil. himalaya
Details of the active chemical compounds found in this plant Lignan extract of stem wood of Cedrus deodara consisted of (-)-wikstromal (75-79%), (-)-matairesinol (9-13%) and benzylbutyrolactol (7-11%) and was studied for its in vitro cytotoxcity against human cancer cell lines. Phytotherapy Research, Planta medica
Is the molecular basis of the medicinal action known?
Details of molecular basis of action
Are the toxic effects of consumption of this plant known? Yes
Details of the toxic effects of the plant species avoid Cedarwood oil during pregnancy
Have there been validation/clinical studies related to this plant?
Details of the clinical studies related to the plant species

Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
Is this plant/plant-derived product used in food preparations?
Part(s) of the plant used in the food preparations
Details of use in food preparations
Does this species have any religious significance? Yes User-reported
Religions which mention/give significance to this species Hinduism
Religious occasions
Details of religious use Among Hindus it is worshipped as a divine tree, particularly in Kashmir and Punjab villages, as the name deodar suggests. The first half of the word deva means the words divine, deity, deus, and Zeus and the second part connotes durum, druid, tree, and true.

Several Hindu legends refer to this tree. In Valmiki Ramayan Forests full of Devadaru trees were the favorite abode or living place of ancient Indian sages and their families who were devoted to Hindu god Shiva for whom they performed very difficult tapasya (meditation) to please him.

wiki

Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
Is this plant cultivated commercially in India? Yes
Uses for which the plant is commercially cultivated Medicinal use, Ornamental use, Wood Wikipedia
Plant parts of commercial value Stem, Bark
Products where this plant is used User-reported
Description of use It is widely grown as an ornamental tree, much planted in parks and large gardens for its drooping foliage. General cultivation is limited to areas with mild winters, with trees frequently killed by temperatures below about −25 °C. The most cold-tolerant trees originate in the northwest of the species' range in Kashmir and Paktia Province, Afghanistan. Named cultivars from this region include 'Eisregen', 'Eiswinter', 'Karl Fuchs', 'Kashmir', 'Polar Winter', and 'Shalimar'.

Deodar is in great demand as building material because of its durability, rot-resistant character and fine, close grain, which is capable of taking a high polish. Its historical use to construct religious temples and as landscape around temples is well recorded. Its rot-resistant character also makes it an ideal wood for constructing the famous houseboats of Srinagar, Kashmir. In India, during the British colonial period, deodar wood was used extensively for construction of barracks, public buildings, bridges, canals and railway cars.

The curative properties of Deodar are well recorded in Indian Ayurvedic medicines.

The inner wood is aromatic and used to make incense. Inner wood is distilled into essential oil. As insects avoid this tree, the essential oil is used as insect repellent on the feet of horses, cattle and camels. It also has antifungal properties and has some potential for control of fungal deterioration of spices during storage.

Cedar oil is often used for its aromatic properties, especially in aromatherapy. It has a characteristic woody odour which may change somewhat in the course of drying out. The crude oils are often yellowish or darker in colour. Its applications cover soap perfumes, household sprays, floor polishes and insecticides and is also used in microscope work as a clearing oil.

Wikipedia
States where this plant is cultivated commercially
Best period for planting this plant Summer
Best period for harvesting this plant All year round
Method of propagation Seeds, Vegetative propagation
Water requirement of this plant Average
Pests and Diseases affecting this plant during cultivation Pinewood nematode, Root rot, Needle blight, Stem cankers, Dieback, Scale insects, Pine sawfly, Mealybugs, Caterpillars, Boron toxicity AHS Encyclopedia
Other considerations while cultivating this plant Plants need to be grown in open site in full sunlight in a well drained soil. If double leaders are produced, the weaker shoot should be cut in in autumn. Seeds should be sown in spring after temperature goes above 0C. Graft selected cultivars in late summer or winter. AHS Encyclopedia


Pubmed Word cloud

This word cloud is obtained using the tool LigerCat by searching the Pubmed database. LigerCat builds the cloud from the most relevant Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Each term's relative size indicates how many times it appears in the PubMed search results. Click on a term to access the full LigerCat cloud, with live PubMed search capabilities. LigerCat has been developed for the Biology of Aging Project.

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  • If there is an error message below, it means that there is no retrievable information available on NCBI
  • If the number of nucleotide sequences is less than 100, very little genomic work has been done on this species. A respectable number of nucleotide sequences is above 10000.
  • Most of the nucleotide sequences may come from three sources:
  1. Studies on single genes, where people try to sequence genes such as some specific dehydrogenases important,say, for tannin production
  2. Sequences of Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer, whose sequence is used for generating molecular phylogenetic trees to establish species relationships
  3. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) which can tell about which genes are present and expressed in the species at a particular time in the given tissue

{{#queryDB:taxonomy |Cedrus deodara }}

Parameter Value(s) References
See complete references in the References section at the end
Details of modern scientific knowledge available for this species
Are herbarium specimen available for this species?
Institutes having herbarium samples

References

Singh (Journal) : Singh SK et al (2007),Chemically standardized isolates from Cedrus deodara stem wood having anticancer activity, Planta Med:73(6):519. doi=10.1055/s-2007-967185 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967185


Sharma (Journal) : Parduman R. Sharma et al ({{{year}}}),Induction of apoptosis by a synergistic lignan composition from Cedrus deodara in human cancer cells, Phytotherapy Research:22(12):1587. doi=10.1002/ptr.2511 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2511


AHS Encyclopedia (Book) : American Horticulture Society (2004),', ISBN: 9780756649159


EoL (Web): Encyclopedia of Life entry, Accessdate=2010-08-26


Plants of India (Web): [{{{url}}} Plants Database of India entry], Accessdate=2010-08-26