Unani

Plants important in Unani

Species name	Common name	Common hindi name	Plant medicinal part	General ailment types treated	Medicinal active compound	Medicinal active compound details
Acorus calamus	Sweet Flag, calamus, flagroot, sweet cane, sweet grass, sweetroot, sweet rush	बच Bach, घोरबच Ghorbach, सफ़ेद बच Safed bach		Pains and Inflammation Mental disorders
Allium sativum	Cultivated Garlic	लेह्सन Lehsan		Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Systemic disorders Cancer
Azadirachta indica	Neem	नीम Neem	Root Stem Bark Leaves Flower Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders Cancer	Azadirachtin Beta-Sitosterol Kaempferol Quercitin Myricetin Nimbidin	While the chemicals from Neem oil are known, their molecular basis of action is still unknown. Over 700 medicinal preparations have been described in ethnobotanical medicinal systems using Neem. Several sterols and terpenoids have been found in different parts of the Neem plant. Beta-Sitosterol, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, MYRICETIN present in the flower and leaf, Azadirachtin, NIMBIDIN present in the seed and stem bark have medicinal values, along with several other chemicals cited in the references. These chemicals can be extracted in the Neem oil, obtained from seed and fruit of the plant.
Boswellia serrata	Indian Olibanum	Kundur, Luban, Salai	Bark Other	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation		Stem bark - lupeol and b-sitostrol Root bark - naphthalene derivatives 'semigossypol' (related to gossypol thetoxic principle of cotton seed) Flowers - b-sitosterol, kaempherol and quercetin
Crocus sativus	Saffron	केसर Kesar	Other	Pains and Inflammation Mental disorders Cancer	picrocrocin a β-D-glucoside of hydroxysafranal crocins safranal. Zeaxanthin lycopene
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Cultivated Liquorice, Sweetwood	मुलेठी Mulethi	Root Leaves	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders Cancer
Ipomoea digitata	Giant potato	Bilaikand
Jasminum officinale	Common Jasmine, Poet's Jasmine, Spanish Jasmine	चमेली Chameli
Mimusops elengi	Spanish cherry, Bullet wood	बकुल Bakul, मौलसरी Maulsari	Stem Bark Flower Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Organ-specific disorders	Alkaloids tannin saponins taraxerone taraxerol ursolic acid betulinic acid α-spinosterol β-sitosterol querrcitol lupeol isoretronecyl tigalate triterpenoid saponins steroidal saponin
Phyllanthus emblica	Indian Gooseberry, Amla	आमला Amla	Root Leaves Flower Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases Nutritional deficiencies Common ailments	Ascorbic acid Tannins Phyllemblin Curcuminoids Linolenic acid
Syzygium cumini	Java plum, Jamun	जामुन Jamun
Urginea indica	indian squill	jangli-piyaz		Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders	the Bulb of Squill contains steroidal cardioactive glycosides scillaren A and proscillaridin A glucoscillaren A scillaridin A and scilliroside. Dried bulbs were found to contain scilliroside (approximately 45 ppm) and scillaren A (approximately 38 ppm) proscillaridin A and Scillaren B. Many novel cardiac glycosides recently have been isolated and identified from squill. Indian squill also contains proscillaridin A and scillaren A as major glycosides Other constituents found in squill include flavonoids the fructan sinistrin 14 and related carbohydrates andantifungal glycoproteins.
Withania somnifera	Indian Ginseng, Winter cherry	अश्वगंधा Ashwagandha	Root Leaves Seeds	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Mental disorders Cancer
Zingiber officinale	Garden ginger	अदरक Adrak	Root Rhizome	Pains and Inflammation Organ-specific disorders Mental disorders Cancer	Zingeberene Zingeberol Gingerol Paradol Shogaol	Over 400 different compounds have been identified in Ginger. Several volatile oils and sesquiterpenes give ginger its characteristic aroma. Gingerol, Paradol, Shogaol have been proven in many drug tests to have apoptotic activity in mice. Effect of ginger extract on platelet aggregation, osteoarthritic pain relief, pregnancy-related nausea have been documented, but remain inconclusive.