| Marsileaceae | Marsilea maheshwari | Waterclover | | ''Marsilea maheshwari'' is a fern closely related to ''M. minuta''. In fact, it may be an environmentally induced phenotypic variety of ''M. minuta''. Other phenotypes may include species ''M. brachycarpa'', ''M. brachypus'' and ''M. gracilenta'' (Cook) |
| Marsileaceae | Marsilea gracilenta | Waterclover | | ''Marsilea gracilenta'' is a fern closely related to ''M. minuta''. In fact, it may be an environmentally induced phenotypic variety of ''M. minuta''. Other phenotypes may include species ''M. brachycarpa'', ''M. brachypus'' and ''M. maheshwari'' (Cook) |
| Marsileaceae | Marsilea brachycarpa | Waterclover | | ''Marsilea brachycarpa'' is a fern closely related to ''M. minuta''. In fact, it may be an environmentally induced phenotypic variety of ''M. minuta''. Other phenotypes may include species ''M. brachypus'', ''M. gracilenta'' and ''M. maheshwari'' (Cook) |
| Marsileaceae | Marsilea minuta | Dwarf waterclover, Small waterclover | चौपतिरा Chaupatira | ''Marsilea minuta'' is a highly plastic and variable pteridophyte. Other species, namely, ''M. brachycarpa'', ''M. brachypus'', ''M. gracilenta'' and ''M. maheshwari'' also fall within the range of variation and probably are different environmentally induced phenotypes (Cook). All Marsilea species are found in Africa and in India highlighting the fact that India was once upon a time connected to Madagascar. |
| Marsileaceae | Marsilea coromandelina | NA | NA | There has been a debate in the past whether ''Marsilea coromandelina'' is different from ''Marsilea trichopoda''. However, many taxonomists prefer keeping the two taxa separate. (Ref: JSTOR Plant Science) All Marsilea species are found in Africa and in India highlighting the fact that India was once upon a time connected to Madagascar. |
| Meliaceae | Azadirachta indica | Neem | नीम Neem | Neem is a tropical and sub-tropical plant which is highly drought resistant. The plant has several medicinal and commercial applications and finds significance in Hinduism. Neem cultivation also has a role to play in agriculture and pest management. |
| Menispermaceae | Tinospora cordifolia | Gulbel, Indian Tinospora | गिलोय Giloy, गुलांचा Gulancha, गुलबेल Gulbel | The plant is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and has been used in Ayurveda for several centuries as a hepato-protectant (liver protection). Recent research has demonstrated that a combination of T. cordifolia extract and turmeric extract is effective in preventing the hepatotoxicity which is otherwise produced as a side effect of conventional pharmaceutical treatments for tuberculosis using drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin. |
| Moraceae | Artocarpus heterophyllus | Jackfruit | कटहल | |
| Musaceae | Ensete superbum | Rock banana, Wild plantain | जंगली केला jungli kela | ''Ensete superbum'' is a species of banana found only in India (and probably in Thailand). The plant is a very hardy plant and prefers rocky barren areas. It is non-stoloneferous and does not produce suckers. Regeneration by seeds is the only natural means for propagation. Ensete superbum has enormous horticultural value in terms of being an ornamental and medicinal plant. It is resembles a banana plant. Characteristic phyllotaxy on a large pseudostem gives E. superbum, a huge nested-fern appearance. Massive base and red flower head with broad leaves outlined in deep red and deep mid-rib are specific morphological features that add its appeal and aesthetic value.It is best planted as a focal point on a lawn or in a small group making it suitable for a garden or park.
commonly known as: rock banana, wild plantain • Hindi: जंगली केला jungli kela • Kannada: ಕಾಡು ಬಾಳೆ kaadu baale, ಕಲ್ಲು ಬಾಳೆ kallu baale • Konkani: रान क्यांळे raan kyaanle • Malayalam: കല്ല് വാഴ kall vazha • Marathi: चवेणी chaveni, रानकेळ raankel • Sanskrit: बहुजा bahuja • Tamil: கல்வாழை kal-valai, காட்டுவாழை kattu-valai • Telugu: అడవి అరటి adavi arati |
| Myrsinaceae | Embelia ribes | Embelia, False Black Pepper, False Pepper | Vayavidnag, Baberang | ''Embelia ribes'', commonly known as False Black Pepper or White-flowered ''Embelia'', is a species in the ''Myrsinaceae''. It was originally described by Nicolaas Laurens Burman in his 1768 publication, Flora Indica. It is a plant of medicinal importance. It has been described by Shushruta as an antihelmenthic in combination with Liquorice root. Modern research has also shown it to be effective against tapeworm infection. |
| Myrtaceae | Syzygium cumini | Java plum, Jamun | जामुन Jamun | Jambul (''Syzygium cumini'') is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family ''Myrtaceae'', native to Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Indonesia. The word 'Jambul' is sometimes mistranslated as 'Blackberry', which is a different fruit. Historically, the tree was exclusive to the Indian Sub-continent, and so widespread across the region that one of the old names of India (or the Indian region) is Jambu-Dvipa (literally: the island of jambul fruit). It is now also grown in other areas of southern and southeastern Asia including the Philippines, Myanmar, south of Iran and Afghanistan. |
| Myrtaceae | Psidium guajava | Guava | अमृत Amrut, लाल-सुफ्रियम Lal-sufrium (red) | |
| Myrtaceae | Syzygium aromaticum | Clove | लवंग Lavang | ''Syzygium aromaticum'' is the plant from which Cloves are derived. Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds. This species is native to Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisines all over the world. Cloves are now harvested primarily in Indonesia, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka; they are also grown in India under the name Lavang. (Source:Wikipedia) |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus globulus | Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum, Blue Gum | | The Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum or Blue Gum, (Eucalyptus globulus) is an evergreen tree, one of the most widely cultivated trees native to Australia. This tree is very well adapted to dry climates and has a very rapid rate of growth. This species is as invasive species in India and in many parts of the world. |
| Nelumbonaceae | Nelumbo nucifera | Water Lily, Lotus, Sacred Lotus, East Indian Lotus | कमल Kamal | The Indian Lotus, also known as the Sacred Lotus, is a culturally significant plant in many Asian cultures in general and Indian culture in particular. It is a plant native to the Indian subcontinent, but now is found as an ornamental plant worldwide. The Lotus is considered a symbol of devotion and purity. It is the seat of Goddess Lakshmi, Goddess Saraswati, Lord Vishnu and Lord Brahma. The flowers of Lotus have several medicinal properties as per Ayurveda. '''Lotus is also the national flower of India.''' |
| Nyctaginaceae | Boerhavia diffusa | Red hogweed, Tar Vine, Red Spiderling, Wineflower | Punarnava, Satha | ''Boerhavia diffusa'' is a weed growing in many parts of India. It had edible leaves. Roots of this plant are used by many tribes in India for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The name ''Punarnava'' means that which rejuvenates. This plant is an ingredient of Dabur Chawanprash. |
| Nymphaeaceae | Nymphaea nouchali | Blue water lily, Red and blue water lily', Blue star water lily, Star lotus | Neelkamal नीलकमल | '''''Nymphaea nouchali''''', commonly known as the '''Red and blue water lily''', '''Blue star water lily''', '''Star lotus''', or by its synonym '''''Nymphaea stellata''''', is a water lily of genus ''Nymphaea''. This aquatic plant is native to the Indian Subcontinent. It was spread to other countries already in ancient times and has been long valued as a garden flower in Thailand and Myanmar to decorate ponds and gardens. This plant has medicinal significance in Ayurveda too. It is considered a holy flower in Buddhism. (Source:Wikipedia) |
| Oleaceae | Jasminum officinale | Common Jasmine, Poet's Jasmine, Spanish Jasmine | चमेली Chameli | Jasmine is one of the most famous flowers growing in tropical regions. It is a native of the Indian subcontinent. It is widely used for ornamental as well as medicinal purposes. According to old Indian texts, a Jasmine flower is the most precious flower of all. Jasmine is the national flower of Pakistan. |
| Oleaceae | Jasminum sambac | Jasmine | बेला Bela, मोतिया Motiya, मोगरा Mogra | ''Jasminum sambac'' is a species of jasmine native to southwestern and southern Asia, in the Philippines, India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. It is grown mainly as an ornamental plant due to its fragrant and beautiful flowers. |
| Parkeriaceae | Ceratopteris thalictroides | Water sprite, Indian fern, Water fern, Oriental waterfern, Water hornfern | | ''Ceratopteris'' species are aquatic pteridophytic ferns, generally found in tropical regions. They require a warm climate and lots of water. Two species - ''C. pteridoides'' and ''C. thalictroides'' are found in India. ''C. thalictroides'' or watersprite is used as an ornamental plant in aquariums. It is also cultivated as a vegetable for including in salads, due to its several curly leaves. |
