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| Species name | Species name# | Common name | Name in Hindi | Introdescription | Commercial application | Plant commercial part | Commercial use description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyperus rotundus | Cyperus rotundus | Common Nut Sedge, Coco grass, Nutgrass, Purple nutsedge | बड़ा नागर मोथा Bara-nagar-motha, कोरेही झाड़ Korehi-jhar, मोथा Motha | ''Cyperus rotundus'' is a small plant with individuals reaching upto 40cm. It is a very proliferative weed and has spread to several countries. It grows in agricultural lands and garden soils. This plant was, however, described in '''Charaka Samhita''', the first book on Indian medicine written in the first millennium. It is used in Ayurveda to treat fevers, digestive system disorders etc. Plant extract is a constituent of Dabur Chyawanprash and some hair oils. | Human consumption | Rhizomes | The plant is a weed and its elimination is crucial to increasing crop yields. Dried Rhizomes are used as spice in India. |
| Microsorum pteropus | Microsorum pteropus | Java fern | ''Microsorum pteropus'' is an aquatic fern and can grow completely underwater. It is mostly epiphytic and is extensively found in tropical Asia. As with many aquatic ferns, this plant is also used as an ornamental plant in aquariums. | Ornamental use | Entire plant | The plant is used as an ornamental plant in aquaria. | |
| Barleria prionitis | Barleria prionitis | Porcupine flower | वज्राद्नती Vajradanti | ''Barleria prionitis'' or Vajradanti has been used in India for a long time for many medicinal purposes. Its chief use is in treating oral disorders like gingivitis, dental caries and is commonly used in Ayurvedic mouthwashes, creams and pastes. | Medicinal use Cosmetic use Ornamental use | Entire plant Root Leaves Flower | The plant is used in several parts of the world as an ornamental plant. In India, it is found in many dental products and skin creams. |
| Cinnamomum tamala | Cinnamomum tamala | Indian Bay Leaf, Indian cassia, Indian cassia bark, Tamala cassia, Malabar Leaf | तेजपत्ता tejpatta | ''Cinnamomum tamala'' or Indian Bark is a commonly used plant known by the name '''Tejpatta''' in India. It is native to India. The leaves of the species are used as a popular spice in several Indian dishes, particularly in Northern India. The leaves have a cinnamon-like aroma (as the species name would suggest). The bark of this tree is also used as a spice. The leaves are also used in the perfume industry for their fragrance. | Human consumption Medicinal use Cosmetic use | Bark Leaves | Used all over India for cooking. Is an important ingredient in many pre-packaged foods too. Is a constituent of Chyawanprash. Leaves are also used in the perfume industry for their fragrance. |
| Acacia concinna | Acacia concinna | Soap pod | शिकाकाई Shikakai | ''Acacia concinna'' or Shikakai is used in India in a variety of hair-care products. The bark of the plant contains a high level of Saponins which give the extract a foaming and cleansing characteristic. It belongs to the ''Acacia'' genus which has over 1100 members around the world.(AHS Encyclopedia) | Medicinal use Cosmetic use Other use | Used in shampoos and hair conditioners. The plant parts used for the dry powdered or the extract are the bark, leaves or pods. The bark contains high levels of saponins, which are foaming agents that are found in several other plant species. Saponin-containing plants have a long history of use as mild cleaning agents. Saponins from the plant's pods have been traditionally used as a detergent, and in Bengal for poisoning fish; they are documented to be potent marine toxins. In commercial extracts, when the plant is hydrolyzed it yields lupeol, spinasterol, acacic acid, lactone, and the natural sugars glucose, arabinose and rhamnose. It also contains hexacosanol and spinasterone. The saponin of the bark has spermicidal activity against human semen. It appears to have a hormonal effect, leading to its use for contraceptive purposes. The leaves have an acidic taste and are used in chutneys. They contain oxalic, tartaric, citric, succinic and ascorbic acids, as well as two alkaloids, calyctomine and nicotine. An infusion of the leaves has been used in anti-dandruff preparations. Extracts of the ground pods have been used for various skin diseases. | |
| Artocarpus heterophyllus | Artocarpus heterophyllus | Jackfruit | कटहल | Human consumption Animal consumption Medicinal use Ornamental use Industrial use Wood Other use | Root Stem Bark Leaves Fruit | Yellow dye is made from wood. Wood also used for making furniture and musical instruments. The sap is used for making gum which can be applied to holes in earthern pots to seal them. A compound extracted from root bark is used as a food preservative. |
