Azadirachta indica - Revision history

Gauravm at 05:34, 2 October 2010

2010-10-02T05:34:34Z

Gauravm at 14:56, 6 September 2010

2010-09-06T14:56:52Z

Gauravm at 03:24, 21 August 2010

2010-08-21T03:24:53Z

Gauravm: ligercat

2010-08-19T16:01:45Z

ligercat

Gauravm: distribution

2010-08-19T04:07:06Z

distribution

Gauravm: chemistry changed

2010-08-18T04:08:54Z

chemistry changed

Gauravm: religious use

2010-08-13T21:09:31Z

religious use

Gauravm at 04:20, 13 August 2010

2010-08-13T04:20:54Z

Gauravm: medicinal info

2010-08-12T23:28:53Z

medicinal info

Gauravm: intro paragraph added

2010-08-12T05:14:12Z

intro paragraph added

@@ Line 168: / Line 168: @@
 |ligercatid=1361707
 }}
-<headertabs/> {{stub}} [[Category:Plants]] [[Category:Species page]]
+{{stub}} [[Category:Plants]] [[Category:Species page]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Header Image
+{{Combined plant species form
 |introdescription=Neem is a tropical and sub-tropical plant which is highly drought resistant. The plant has several medicinal and commercial applications and finds significance in Hinduism. Neem cultivation also has a role to play in agriculture and pest management.
 |Headerimage=Neem leaves.JPG
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |username=Gauravm
 |page creation date=2010/08/12
@@ Line 19: / Line 17: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |Regnum=Plantae
 |Division=Magnoliophyta
@@ Line 29: / Line 25: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |plant general morphology=Tree, up to 15 m tall. Branches glabrous. Leaves imparipinnate, pulvi¬nus at the base; leaflets alternate to opposite, 2.5-7 cm long, 1.5-4 cm broad, ovate, subsessile, acuminate. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Sepals obovate, 1.5 mm long, puberulous, imbricate. Petals 6 mm long, obvoate to oblong, white, margin ciliate. Staminal tube c. 5 mm long, puberulous, 10-striate, 10-toothed; teeth 2-lobed; anthers oblong, basifixed. Ovary sub-globose; style linear, c. 2.5 mm long; stigma trifid. Drupe oblong, 1.3-2 cm long, greenish-yellow, 1-seeded.
 |ref plant general morph=Encyclopedia of Life
@@ Line 49: / Line 43: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |speciesname=Azadirachta indica
 |speciesname2=Azadirachtaindica
@@ Line 65: / Line 57: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |medicinal significance=Yes
 |medicinal system=Ayurveda, Unani, Folk Medicine, Modern Medicine
@@ Line 94: / Line 84: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |food use=Yes
 |food plant part=Stem, Flower
@@ Line 108: / Line 96: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |plant commercial=Yes
 |ref plant commercial=Gauravm
@@ Line 122: / Line 108: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |molecular data=Yes
 |molecular data type=Genomic sequences, Secondary metabolite data, Drug-related data
@@ Line 131: / Line 115: @@
 |india=Yes
 |ligercatid=1361707
 |iucn=Not Evaluated
 |ref iucn=EoL

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |Headerspeciesname=Azadirachta indica
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Nomenclature
@@ Line 17: / Line 18: @@
 |ref common indian names=Flowers of India
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Infobox binomial classification
@@ Line 26: / Line 28: @@
 |Genus=Azadirachta
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Infobox plant morphology
@@ Line 31: / Line 34: @@
 |ref plant general morph=Encyclopedia of Life
 |plant type=Woody (Tree/Shrub)
 |plant cotyledon=Dicot
 |ref plant cotyledon=NCBI Taxonomy
@@ Line 43: / Line 48: @@
 |ref leaf blade type=Wikipedia
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Infobox plant habitat spread
@@ Line 58: / Line 64: @@
 |ref native=Wikipedia
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Medicinal value
@@ Line 86: / Line 93: @@
 |ref plant clinical study details=Himalaya
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Plant cultural significance
@@ Line 99: / Line 107: @@
 |ref religious use description=Wikipedia
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Plant cultivation
@@ Line 112: / Line 121: @@
 |ref water requirement=Wikipedia
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Infobox scientific knowledge
 |molecular data=Yes
 |molecular data type=Genomic sequences, Secondary metabolite data, Drug-related data
 |ref mol data type=Wikipedia
@@ Line 121: / Line 130: @@
 |ref modern scientific knowledge=NCBI Taxonomy, Wikipedia, Google Scholar
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Infobox taxonomy crosslink
@@ Line 131: / Line 141: @@
 |itis link=29012
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Commons gallery|india=Yes
 }}
 {{Reference web
@@ Line 142: / Line 154: @@
 |date=12
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Reference web
@@ Line 151: / Line 164: @@
 |date=12
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Reference web
@@ Line 160: / Line 174: @@
 |date=10
 |india=Yes
 }}
 {{Reference web
@@ Line 169: / Line 184: @@
 |date=13
 |india=Yes
 }}
 <headertabs/> {{stub}} [[Category:Plants]] [[Category:Species page]]

@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 The plant is found growing along road sides, near temples, wooded areas, forest edges, gardens, deciduous forests etc.
 |ref habitat details=Herb2000, Plants Database of India
 |native=Yes
@@ Line 117: / Line 115: @@
 {{Infobox scientific knowledge
 |molecular data=Yes
 |molecular data type=Genomic sequences, Secondary metabolite data, Drug-related data
 |ref mol data type=Wikipedia

@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 |speciesname=Azadirachta indica
 |speciesname2=Azadirachtaindica
-|state=Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
+|state=Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhatisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
 |ref state=Plants Database, Gauravm
 |habitat details=Mainly a tropical and subtropical species, it grows mainly in low-lying areas and wooded areas in India and Sri Lanka. Neem is known to grow well under less water availability and thus is a hardy species. The species has been naturalized now in several other countries like Indonesia and Australia.
 |ref habitat details=Herb2000
 |native=Yes
 |ref native=Wikipedia
 |india=Yes
 }}

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 |Headercaption=Neem leaves have a significant medicinal value
 |Headerspeciesname=Azadirachta indica
 }}
 {{Nomenclature
@@ Line 15: / Line 16: @@
 |common indian names=नीम Neem (Hindi); নীম Neem (Manipuri); Nimbay (Marathi);வேப்பை Veppai, Sengumaru (Tamil); Ariyaveppu (Malayalam); వెపా Vepa (Telugu); Turakabevu (Kannada); Neem (Bengali); Neem (Urdu); নীম Neem (Assamese); ધનુજઝાડ Dhanujhada, Limba (Gujarati); Pakvakrita, nimbaka (Sanskrit)
 |ref common indian names=Flowers of India
 }}
 {{Infobox binomial classification
@@ Line 23: / Line 25: @@
 |Family=Meliaceae
 |Genus=Azadirachta
 }}
 {{Infobox plant morphology
 |plant type=Woody (Tree/Shrub)
 |plant cotyledon=Dicot
@@ Line 30: / Line 35: @@
 |flower color=White
 |bloom type=Perennial
 |leaf phyllotaxy=Opposite
 |leaf shape=Pinnately compound
@@ Line 39: / Line 42: @@
 |leaf blade type=Compound
 |ref leaf blade type=Wikipedia
 }}
 {{Infobox plant habitat spread
@@ Line 63: / Line 67: @@
 |plant medicinal parts=Root, Stem, Bark, Leaves, Flower, Fruit, Seeds
 |ref plant medicinal parts=Dr. Duke, Himalaya
-|medicinal molecular basis=Yes
+|medicinal active compounds=Azadirachtin, Beta-Sitosterol, Kaempferol, Quercitin, Myricetin, Nimbidin
-|ref medicinal molecular basis=Dr. Duke, Himalaya
+|ref medicinal active compounds=Dr. Duke, Himalaya, Drugs.com, Google Scholar
-|medicinal molecular basis details=While the chemicals from Neem oil are known, their molecular basis of action is still unknown.
+|medicinal active compounds details=While the chemicals from Neem oil are known, their molecular basis of action is still unknown.
 Over 700 medicinal preparations have been described in ethnobotanical medicinal systems using Neem. Several sterols and terpenoids have been found in different parts of the Neem plant. Beta-Sitosterol, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, MYRICETIN  present in the flower and leaf, Azadirachtin, NIMBIDIN present in the seed and stem bark have medicinal values, along with several other chemicals cited in the references. These chemicals can be extracted in the Neem oil, obtained from seed and fruit of the plant.
-|ref medicinal molecular basis details=Dr. Duke, Himalaya, Drugs.com, Google Scholar
+|ref medicinal active compounds details=Dr. Duke, Himalaya, Drugs.com, Google Scholar
 |plant toxic effects=Yes
 |ref plant toxic effects=Drugs.com
@@ Line 77: / Line 83: @@
 |plant clinical study details=Clinical trials were conducted on 9 patients of congestive heart failure with anasarca to study the diuretic effect of sodium nimbidinate. Four other patients were also studied as controls on the same lines with bed rest, low sodium diet and adequate digitalization without any diuretic. Eight of the patients showed a definite diuretic response. The control group did not show any diuresis. No toxic reaction was noted except local discomfort or slight pain.
 |ref plant clinical study details=Himalaya
 }}
 {{Plant cultural significance
@@ Line 89: / Line 96: @@
 |religious use description=Neem leaf or bark is considered an effective पित्त pitta (heat)  pacifier due to its bitter taste. Hence, it is traditionally recommended during early summer in Ayurveda, and during [[w:Gudi Padva|Gudi Padva]], which is the New Year in the state of Maharashtra, the ancient practice of drinking a small quantity of neem juice or paste on that day, before starting festivities, is found. As in many Hindu festivals and their association with some food to avoid negative side-effects of the season or change of seasons, neem juice is associated with Gudi Padva to remind people to use it during that particular month or season to pacify summer heat. In Tamil Nadu during the summer months of April to June, the Mariamman  temple festival is a thousand year old tradition. The Neem leaves and flowers are the most important part of the Mariamman festival. The goddess Mariamman statue will be garlanded with Neem leaves and flowers. During most occasions of celebrations and weddings the people of Tamilnadu  adorn their surroundings with the Neem leaves and flowers as a form of decoration and also to ward off evil spirits and infections.
 |ref religious use description=Wikipedia
 }}
 {{Plant cultivation
@@ Line 101: / Line 109: @@
 |water requirement=Low
 |ref water requirement=Wikipedia
 }}
 {{Infobox scientific knowledge
@@ Line 106: / Line 115: @@
 |molecular data type=Genomic sequences, Secondary metabolite data, Drug-related data
 |ref mol data type=Wikipedia
 |modern scientific knowledge description=Microsatellite DNA sequences are available in NCBI Entrez (Aug 12, 2010). However a large amount of pharmacological information is available about the constituents and effects of Neem oil (Wikipedia). Most studies have specifically studies Azadirachtin or whole seed oil. Not a lot is known about the molecular basis of action of these chemicals.
 |ref modern scientific knowledge=NCBI Taxonomy, Wikipedia, Google Scholar
 }}
 {{Infobox taxonomy crosslink
@@ Line 117: / Line 127: @@
 |grin id=6161
 |itis link=29012
 }}
 {{Reference web
 |refkeyword=Dr. Duke
@@ Line 126: / Line 138: @@
 |month=08
 |date=12
 }}
 {{Reference web
@@ Line 134: / Line 147: @@
 |month=08
 |date=12
 }}
 {{Reference web
@@ Line 142: / Line 156: @@
 |month=08
 |date=10
 }}
 {{Reference web
@@ Line 150: / Line 165: @@
 |month=08
 |date=13
 }}
 <headertabs/> {{stub}} [[Category:Plants]] [[Category:Species page]]

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 |plant type=Woody (Tree/Shrub)
 |plant cotyledon=Dicot
 |flower color=White
 |bloom type=Perennial
@@ Line 54: / Line 55: @@
 |ailment types=Infectious diseases, Systemic disorders, Organ-specific disorders, Cancer
 |ailment=Malaria, Diabetes, Worms, Cardiovascular diseases, Skin diseases, Contraceptive, Antiulcer, Fungicidal
 |ref ailment=Drugs.com
 |plant medicinal parts=Root, Stem, Bark, Leaves, Flower, Fruit, Seeds
@@ Line 62: / Line 60: @@
 |medicinal molecular basis=Yes
 |ref medicinal molecular basis=Dr. Duke, Himalaya
-|medicinal molecular basis details=Over 700 medicinal preparations have been described in ethnobotanical medicinal systems using Neem.
+|medicinal molecular basis details=Over 700 medicinal preparations have been described in ethnobotanical medicinal systems using Neem. Several sterols and terpenoids have been found in different parts of the Neem plant. Beta-Sitosterol, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, MYRICETIN  present in the flower and leaf, Azadirachtin, NIMBIDIN present in the seed and stem bark have medicinal values, along with several other chemicals cited in the references. These chemicals can be extracted in the Neem oil, obtained from seed and fruit of the plant.
 |ref medicinal molecular basis details=Dr. Duke, Himalaya, Drugs.com
 |plant toxic effects=Yes
 |plant toxic effect details=Large doses of Neem seeds are reported to have toxic effects on children. No effects have been found in adults.
 |ref plant toxic effect details=Drugs.com
@@ Line 104: / Line 103: @@
 |mod species name=Azadirachta_indica
 |ncbi id=531399
 }}
 {{Commons gallery}}