Indian foods to avoid during pregnancy - Revision history

Gauravm: /* Foods to avoid during pregnancy */

2013-12-31T22:35:27Z

‎Foods to avoid during pregnancy

Gauravm at 22:34, 31 December 2013

2013-12-31T22:34:09Z

Gauravm: /* Foods to avoid during pregnancy */

2013-12-23T21:12:54Z

‎Foods to avoid during pregnancy

Gauravm at 21:11, 23 December 2013

2013-12-23T21:11:51Z

Gauravm: /* Additional trustworthy resources */

2013-12-23T21:08:34Z

‎Additional trustworthy resources

Gauravm at 21:07, 23 December 2013

2013-12-23T21:07:21Z

Gauravm at 21:01, 23 December 2013

2013-12-23T21:01:56Z

Show changes

Gauravm at 20:52, 23 December 2013

2013-12-23T20:52:14Z

Gauravm: /* Foods to avoid during pregnancy */

2013-12-23T20:45:51Z

‎Foods to avoid during pregnancy

Gauravm at 20:38, 23 December 2013

2013-12-23T20:38:09Z

@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 |-
 ! Ginger
-| अद्रक, आलं, ''[[Zingiber officinalis]]''
+| अद्रक, आलं, ''[[Zingiber officinale]]''
 | Possibly safe.
 | Do not consume in very large amounts. Food quantities are ok. Recommended during pregnancy for morning sickness, but some experts advise against using it close to your delivery date due to risk of bleeding <ref>[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/961.html MedlinePlus: Ginger]</ref>

@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 | Possibly safe. Do not ingest in large amounts <ref>[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-330-CINNAMON%20bark.aspx?activeIngredientId=330&activeIngredientName=CINNAMON%20bark WebMD:Cinnamon bark]</ref>
 | Do not consume in very large amounts. Food quantities are ok.
 |-
 ! Vitamin C

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 | ''Carica papaya''
 | DANGEROUS <ref>[http://www.webmd.com/baby/tc/pregnancy-avoiding-papaya-topic-overview WebMD:Papaya]</ref>
-| [[File:Papaia_%26_Mamão.JPG|right|150px|Papaya]] Different parts of unripe papaya - fruit, seed, leaf and root - are known to induce miscarriage and abortion, but ripe papaya does not have that effect IN SMALL AMOUNTS<ref name="Morton">[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html#Folk%20Uses Morton, J.F. (1987). Papaya. In: Fruits of warm climates. pp. 336–346]</ref>. The abortive effect of unripe papaya has been demonstrated in monkeys<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11907624 Chloroform extract of Carica papaya seeds induces long-term reversible azoospermia in langur monkey]</ref>, and enslaved women in [[w:West Indies|West Indies]] used to consume papaya to abort their fetus and prevent their children from being born into slavery<ref name=Morton/>. The abortive agent is called [w:papain|papain], an enzyme which belongs to a category of enzymes called proteases. Papain is a component of the commercially sold meat tenderizers and works by making muscles loose. In pregnant women, papain induces uterine contractions thus leading to miscarriage.
+| [[File:Papaia_%26_Mamão.JPG|right|150px|Papaya]] Different parts of unripe papaya - fruit, seed, leaf and root - are known to induce miscarriage and abortion, but ripe papaya does not have that effect IN SMALL AMOUNTS<ref name="Morton">[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html#Folk%20Uses Morton, J.F. (1987). Papaya. In: Fruits of warm climates. pp. 336–346]</ref>. The abortive effect of unripe papaya has been demonstrated in monkeys<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11907624 Chloroform extract of Carica papaya seeds induces long-term reversible azoospermia in langur monkey]</ref>, and enslaved women in [[w:West Indies|West Indies]] used to consume papaya to abort their fetus and prevent their children from being born into slavery<ref name=Morton/>. The abortive agent is called [[w:papain|papain]], an enzyme which belongs to a category of enzymes called proteases. Papain is a component of the commercially sold meat tenderizers and works by making muscles loose. In pregnant women, papain induces uterine contractions thus leading to miscarriage.
 |-
 ! Fish

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 | ''Carica papaya''
 | DANGEROUS <ref>[http://www.webmd.com/baby/tc/pregnancy-avoiding-papaya-topic-overview WebMD:Papaya]</ref>
-| Different parts of unripe papaya - fruit, seed, leaf and root - are known to induce miscarriages and abortions, but ripe papaya does not have that effect IN SMALL AMOUNTS<ref name="Morton">[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html#Folk%20Uses Morton, J.F. (1987). Papaya. In: Fruits of warm climates. pp. 336–346]</ref>. The abortive effect of unripe papaya has been demonstrated in monkeys<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11907624 Chloroform extract of Carica papaya seeds induces long-term reversible azoospermia in langur monkey]</ref>, and enslaved women in [[w:West Indies|West Indies]] used to consume papaya to abort their fetus and prevent their children from being born into slavery<ref name=Morton/>. The abortive agent is called [w:papain|papain], an enzyme which belongs to a category of enzymes called proteases. Papain is a component of the commercially sold meat tenderizers and works by making muscles loose. In pregnant women, papain induces uterine contractions thus leading to miscarriage.
+| [[File:Papaia_%26_Mamão.JPG|right|150px|Papaya]] Different parts of unripe papaya - fruit, seed, leaf and root - are known to induce miscarriage and abortion, but ripe papaya does not have that effect IN SMALL AMOUNTS<ref name="Morton">[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html#Folk%20Uses Morton, J.F. (1987). Papaya. In: Fruits of warm climates. pp. 336–346]</ref>. The abortive effect of unripe papaya has been demonstrated in monkeys<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11907624 Chloroform extract of Carica papaya seeds induces long-term reversible azoospermia in langur monkey]</ref>, and enslaved women in [[w:West Indies|West Indies]] used to consume papaya to abort their fetus and prevent their children from being born into slavery<ref name=Morton/>. The abortive agent is called [w:papain|papain], an enzyme which belongs to a category of enzymes called proteases. Papain is a component of the commercially sold meat tenderizers and works by making muscles loose. In pregnant women, papain induces uterine contractions thus leading to miscarriage.
 |-
 ! Fish
 | Raw shellfish, polluted fish, smoked seafood
-| DANGEROUS <ref>[http://www.babycenter.com/0_eating-fish-during-pregnancy-how-to-avoid-mercury-and-still_10319861.bc BabyCenter:Fish</ref>
+| DANGEROUS <ref>[http://www.babycenter.com/0_eating-fish-during-pregnancy-how-to-avoid-mercury-and-still_10319861.bc BabyCenter:Fish]</ref>
 | Most fish are contaminated with mercury and other heavy metals. According to a study in 2009, fish caught off the coast of Mumbai were found to have above-permissible levels of mercury<ref>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-16/mumbai/28010729_1_fish-mercury-levels-metals Watch out for heavy metal in your fish]</ref>. There is a lot of pollution in India's fresh waters (rivers/lakes) too. So, avoid consuming fish altogether if you can. If you cannot, be very conscious about how much fish you eat. If you have other options available, such as those listed on this informative page<ref>[http://fn.cfs.purdue.edu/fish4health/Walletcard/walletcard.html Fish Wallet card]</ref>, then you can have more freedom in your frequency of fish consumption.
 |-
 ! Meats and eggs
 | Deli meats, uncooked/partially cooked meats, under-cooked eggs
-| UNSAFE<ref>[http://www.babycenter.com/0_eating-fish-during-pregnancy-how-to-avoid-mercury-and-still_10319861.bc BabyCenter:Fish</ref>
+| UNSAFE<ref>[http://www.babycenter.com/0_eating-fish-during-pregnancy-how-to-avoid-mercury-and-still_10319861.bc BabyCenter:Fish]</ref>
 | Undercooked meat and eggs can be a source of ''Salmonella'' or ''E. coli'' contamination. These bacteria get in meats/eggs via the water given to the animals. Water contaminated with human or animal feces can contain strains of pathogenic ''Salmonella'' or ''E. coli'' which can cause diarrhea or dysentery. Not only does this cause water loss, but also bowel contractions, which under some circumstances, can lead to preterm labor.
 |-
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 ==Additional trustworthy resources==
 * [http://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/risk/pregnant/chklist_pregnancy.html FoodSafety.gov: Checklist of foods to avoid during pregnancy]
 * [http://www.webmd.com/baby/foods-avoid-pregnancy WebMD]

@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 ==Additional trustworthy resources==
-[[File:Papaia_%26_Mamão.JPG|right|300px|Papaya]]
+[[File:Papaia_%26_Mamão.JPG|right|200px|Papaya]]
 * [http://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/risk/pregnant/chklist_pregnancy.html FoodSafety.gov: Checklist of foods to avoid during pregnancy]
 * [http://www.webmd.com/baby/foods-avoid-pregnancy WebMD]
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 * [http://www.fda.gov/food/resourcesforyou/healtheducators/ucm082539.htm FDA.gov: Precautions to take before eating out]
 * [http://www.drugs.com/cg/pregnancy-diet.html Drugs.com: Pregnancy diet]
 ==References==

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 {|class="wikitable"
-! Food || Other names/types || Status || Image || Why?
+! Food || Other names/types || Status ||  Why?
 |-
 ! [[w:Papaya|Papaya]]
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 ==Additional trustworthy resources==
 * [http://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/risk/pregnant/chklist_pregnancy.html FoodSafety.gov: Checklist of foods to avoid during pregnancy]
 * [http://www.webmd.com/baby/foods-avoid-pregnancy WebMD]

@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 |-
 ! Basil/Basil oils
+| तुलसी, ''Ocimum tenuiflorum''
 | UNSAFE in large quantities. Safe in food quantities. <ref>[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-303-BASIL.aspx?activeIngredientId=303&activeIngredientName=BASIL WebMD:Basil]</ref>
+|
+| Basil oil is believed to stimulate blood flow to uterus and pelvic area causing contractions<ref>[http://www.babycenter.in/x1024658/i-have-heard-that-tulsi-holy-basil-tea-helps-clear-congestion-is-it-safe-for-pregnant-women Is Tulsi safe for pregnant women?]</ref>. It also slows clotting of blood so it is advised to stop consuming basil a few weeks before delivery.
 |-
 ! Herbs to avoid during pregnancy <ref>[http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/naturalherbsvitamins.html Herbs to avoid during pregnancy-1]</ref><ref>[http://voices.yahoo.com/a-look-herbs-harmful-during-pregnancy-2033627.html?cat=71 Herbs to avoid during pregnancy-2]</ref>
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 |-
 ! Pomegranate
+| ''[[w:Punica granatum|Punica granatum]]''
 | Possibly safe<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-392-POMEGRANATE.aspx?activeIngredientId=392&activeIngredientName=POMEGRANATE WebMD:Pomegranate]</ref>
+|
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 |-
 ! Cinnamon
+| ''[[w:Cinnamomum|Cinnamomum sp.]]''
 | Possibly safe. Do not ingest in large amounts <ref>[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-330-CINNAMON%20bark.aspx?activeIngredientId=330&activeIngredientName=CINNAMON%20bark WebMD:Cinnamon bark]</ref>
+|
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 |-
 ! Vitamin C
+| Ascorbic acid
 | Recommended in small quantities, probably unsafe as supplements<ref>[http://www.babycenter.com/406_is-it-safe-to-take-vitamin-c-during-pregnancy_1246889.bc BabyCenter:Vitamin C]</ref>
+|

@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 |-
 ! Dill leaves
+| ''[[w:Anethum graveolens|Anethum graveolens]]''
 | POSSIBLY UNSAFE<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-463-DILL.aspx?activeIngredientId=463&activeIngredientName=DILL WebMD:Dill]</ref>
+|
@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 | Possibly safe<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-392-POMEGRANATE.aspx?activeIngredientId=392&activeIngredientName=POMEGRANATE WebMD:Pomegranate]</ref>
+|
+| It has been suggested<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100127095916.htm Pomegranate Extract Stimulates Uterine Contractions]</ref> that '''pomegranate seed extract''' triggers uterine contractions due to presence of a steroid compound called [[w:beta-sitosterol|beta-sitosterol]], an ingredient found in a wide variety of foods. However, experts say that consuming a pomegranate once in a while is not harmful<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-392-POMEGRANATE.aspx?activeIngredientId=392&activeIngredientName=POMEGRANATE WebMD:Pomegranate]</ref> - only highly concentrated extracts should be avoided.
 |-
 ! Mango
+| ''[[Mangifera indica]]''
 | Possibly safe<ref>[http://www.babycenter.com.my/x1040455/can-i-eat-mangoes-during-pregnancy BabyCenter:Mangoes]</ref>
+|

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 | UNSAFE<ref>[http://www.babycenter.com/0_eating-fish-during-pregnancy-how-to-avoid-mercury-and-still_10319861.bc BabyCenter:Fish</ref>
+|
-| Undercooked meat and eggs can be a source of Salmonella or E. coli contamination. These bacteria get in meats/eggs via the water given to the animals. Water contaminated with human or animal feces can contain strains of pathogenic Salmonella or E. coli which can cause diarrhea or dysentery. Not only this causes water loss, but bowel contractions, under some circumstances, can also cause preterm labor.
+| Undercooked meat and eggs can be a source of ''Salmonella'' or ''E. coli'' contamination. These bacteria get in meats/eggs via the water given to the animals. Water contaminated with human or animal feces can contain strains of pathogenic ''Salmonella'' or ''E. coli'' which can cause diarrhea or dysentery. Not only does this cause water loss, but also bowel contractions, which under some circumstances, can lead to preterm labor.
 |-
 ! Dairy products
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 | हिंग
 | UNSAFE in large quantities. Safe in food quantities. <ref>[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-248-ASAFOETIDA.aspx?activeIngredientId=248&activeIngredientName=ASAFOETIDA WebMD:Asafoetida]</ref>
+|
 | Not enough research, however, see the adjoining link for more information.