Barleria prionitis - Revision history

Gauravm at 14:58, 6 September 2010

2010-09-06T14:58:10Z

Gauravm at 03:41, 30 August 2010

2010-08-30T03:41:42Z

Gauravm at 03:35, 30 August 2010

2010-08-30T03:35:45Z

Gauravm at 14:30, 29 August 2010

2010-08-29T14:30:58Z

Gauravm: added basic content

2010-08-29T04:42:53Z

added basic content

Gauravm at 02:02, 29 August 2010

2010-08-29T02:02:34Z

Gauravm: added basic content

2010-08-29T02:01:13Z

added basic content

Gauravm: Created page with ' {{stub}} Category:Species page Category:Plants'

2010-08-29T01:09:14Z

Created page with '<headertabs/> {{stub}} Category:Species page Category:Plants'

New page

<headertabs/>
{{stub}}
[[Category:Species page]]
[[Category:Plants]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Header Image
+{{Combined plant species form
 |introdescription=''Barleria prionitis'' or Vajradanti has been used in India for a long time for many medicinal purposes. Its chief use is in treating oral disorders like gingivitis, dental caries and is commonly used in Ayurvedic mouthwashes, creams and pastes.
 |Headerimage=Barleria prionitis (Porcupine flower) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9989.jpg
 |Headercaption=Vajradanti plant photographed in Hyderabad
 |Headerspeciesname=Barleria prionitis
 |username=Gauravm
 |page creation date=2010/08/28
@@ Line 17: / Line 15: @@
 |name meaning=Vajradanti means "Strong Teeth" in Sanskrit/Hindi (Vajra=Strong, Danta=Teeth). The name itself highlights the importance of this plant in maintaining oral health.
 |ref name meaning=Gauravm
 |Regnum=Plantae
 |Division=Magnoliophyta
@@ Line 26: / Line 22: @@
 |Genus=Barleria
 |ref source=Encyclopedia of Life
 |plant general morphology=A much branched shrub armed with (1-) 2-4, greyish-white, 1-2 cm long sharp, axillary spines. Leaves on 0-2.5 cm long petiole; lamina elliptic or ovate-elliptic to obovate, (4-) 6-12 (-17) x 2-5 (-6) cm, sparsely pubescent beneath, scabrid-lineolate above, attenuate, entire, ciliate, bristly acuminate. Flowers large, golden-yellow, up to 7 cm long, often sessile and solitary lower leaf-axils, in short terminal spikes above; bracts oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm x 3-5 mm, keeled, glabrous or sparsely hairy on keel, acute, spine-tipped; bracteoles linear-subulate, 10-20 mm long, spinescent. Calyx lobes spine-tipped, outer 2 lobes broadly oblanceolate, 1.5-1.7 cm long, acuminate, glabrous, inner ones narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 10-12 mm long, mucronate; Corolla c. 1.5 cm across, pubescent to glabrous outside, tube 2-2.5 cm long; limb nearly as long as tube, lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse. Fertile stamens 2 with exserted filaments, anthers 2-6 mm long; stminodes 2 with short filaments, included, hairy at insertion. Ovary c. 3.5 mm long; style up to 4 cm long. Capsule ovoid-conical, 1.5-2 cm x 8-10 mm, beaked, 2-seeded. Seeds ± orbicular, c. 6 mm long, 5 mm across, appressed hairy.
 |ref plant general morph=EoL through eFloras
@@ Line 46: / Line 40: @@
 |leaf blade type=Simple
 |ref leaf blade type=Gauravm,Based on images
 |speciesname=Barleria prionitis
 |speciesname2=Barleriaprionitis
 |habitat details=Porcupine flower is a native of tropical East Africa (possibly Madagascar) and Asia. It likes warm and humid climates. It needs well-drained soil for growth and mostly grows on igneous and sedimentary soil types. The plant cannot tolerate intense shade and thus grows in full sunlight or in light forest canopies, either as single plants or as thickets. Found on roadsides, disturbed areas, farmed and overgrazed soils.
 |ref habitat details=Francis USDA
 |medicinal significance=Yes
 |medicinal system=Ayurveda, Folk Medicine
@@ Line 72: / Line 62: @@
 |medicinal use description=Plant extracts known to suppress fungal growth. Mouthwash made from root tissue used for cleaning teeth and relieving tooth ache and bleeding gums. Leaves used to promote healing of wounds, joint pains and toothaches. Extracts used in many herbal skin creams to protect against skin infections. Plant extracts have also been shown to have hepatoprotective and anti-spermatogenic activities. Root extract has been shown to reduce fertility of male rats by 100%
 |ref medicinal use description=Francis USDA, Gupta
 |plant commercial=Yes
 |commercial applications=Medicinal use, Cosmetic use, Ornamental use
@@ Line 95: / Line 82: @@
 The plant can also be grown outdoors in well drained soil and in a sunny area (AHS)
 |ref cultivation details=Francis USDA, AHS Encyclopedia
-}}
-{{Infobox scientific knowledge
 |molecular data=No
 |molecular data type=Secondary metabolite data, Drug-related data
@@ Line 102: / Line 88: @@
 |modern scientific knowledge description=Not much study has gone into genomics of this plant. Very few sequences available at NCBI. However some work has been done on the different secondary metabolites of the plant having drug-like activities - antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. (Aug 2010)
 |ref modern scientific knowledge=Gauravm, based on Google Scholar search
 |iucn=Not Evaluated
 |ref iucn=EoL

@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 |ref propagation methods=Francis USDA
 |water requirement=Average
 |cultivation details=Seeds germinate in 13-77 days, grow slowly at first, but then at the rate of around 0.5 m/year. The species is generally considered as a weed in most of its range as it is spiny and not eaten by cattle.

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 |life cycle=The shrubs flower from September to December and fruit from January to April. Average fruit weight is 0.1g/fruit. Seeds obtained can grow in regular potted soils in 13-77 days.
 |ref life cycle=Francis USDA
 |leaf shape=Obovate
 |ref leaf shape=EoL through eFloras
@@ Line 69: / Line 70: @@
 |plant toxic effect details=Anti-spermatogenic at high doses
 |ref plant toxic effect details=Gupta
 |medicinal use description=Plant extracts known to suppress fungal growth. Mouthwash made from root tissue used for cleaning teeth and relieving tooth ache and bleeding gums. Leaves used to promote healing of wounds, joint pains and toothaches. Extracts used in many herbal skin creams to protect against skin infections. Plant extracts have also been shown to have hepatoprotective and anti-spermatogenic activities. Root extract has been shown to reduce fertility of male rats by 100%
 |ref medicinal use description=Francis USDA, Gupta
 }}
@@ Line 80: / Line 81: @@
 |commercial use description=The plant is used in several parts of the world as an ornamental plant. In India, it is found in many dental products and skin creams.
 |time of growth=Winter, Post-monsoon
 |time of harvesting=Winter
 |propagation methods=Seeds, Vegetative propagation
 |water requirement=Average
 |cultivation details=Seeds germinate in 13-77 days, grow slowly at first, but then at the rate of around 0.5 m/year. The species is generally considered as a weed in most of its range as it is spiny and not eaten by cattle.
 }}
 {{Infobox scientific knowledge
@@ Line 106: / Line 115: @@
 |refkeyword=Gupta
 |author=Gupta et al
 |title=Antifertility studies of the root extract of the Barleria prionitis Linn in male albino rats with special reference to testicular cell population dynamics.
 |url=http://grande.nal.usda.gov/ibids/index.php?mode2=detail&origin=ibids_references&therow=343040
 |journal=J-Ethnopharmacol.
@@ Line 113: / Line 122: @@
 |issue=2
 |page=111
 }}
 {{Reference web

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 |ref flower color=Based on images
 |bloom type=Perennial
 |life cycle=The shrubs flower from September to December and fruit from January to April. Average fruit weight is 0.1g/fruit. Seeds obtained can grow in regular potted soils in 13-77 days.
 |ref life cycle=Francis USDA
 |leaf shape=Obovate
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 |medicinal active compounds=Indoid glycosides, Barlerin, Verbascoside
 |ref medicinal active compounds=Francis USDA
 |medicinal active compounds details=Indoid glycosides, Barlerin, Verbascoside from flower have potent activity against respiratory syntial virus, which may account for the plant's  use in fever and respiratory diseases.
 |ref medicinal active compounds details=Francis USDA
-|medicinal use description=Plant extracts known to suppress fungal growth. Mouthwash made from root tissue used for cleaning teeth and relieving tooth ache and bleeding gums. Leaves used to promote healing of wounds, joint pains and toothaches. Extracts used in many herbal skin creams to protect against skin infections.
+|medicinal molecular basis details=Indoid glycosides, Barlerin, Verbascoside from flower have potent activity against respiratory syntial virus, which may account for the plant's  use in fever and respiratory diseases. The anti-spermatogenic effect of the root extract seems to be mediated by disturbances in the Leydig and Sertoli cells in testicles.
-|ref medicinal use description=Francis USDA
+|ref medicinal molecular basis details=Francis USDA, Gupta
 }}
 {{Plant cultural significance}}
@@ Line 73: / Line 78: @@
 |plant commercial parts=Entire plant, Root, Leaves, Flower
 |ref plant commercial parts=Francis USDA
 |commercial use description=The plant is used in several parts of the world as an ornamental plant. In India, it is found in many dental products and skin creams.
 |time of growth=Winter, Post-monsoon
 |time of harvesting=Winter
 |propagation methods=Seeds, Vegetative propagation
 |water requirement=Average
 |cultivation details=Seeds germinate in 13-77 days, grow slowly at first, but then at the rate of around 0.5 m/year. The species is generally considered as a weed in most of its range as it is spiny and not eaten by cattle.
 }}
 {{Infobox scientific knowledge
 |molecular data type=Secondary metabolite data, Drug-related data
 |ref mol data type=Gauravm, based on Google Scholar search
@@ Line 96: / Line 102: @@
 |image1=Barleria prionitis (Porcupine flower) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9999.jpg
 |caption1=Barleria prionitis flower
 }}
 {{Reference web

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Header Image
 |introdescription=''Barleria prionitis'' or Vajradanti has been used in India for a long time for many medicinal purposes. Its chief use is in treating oral disorders like gingivitis, dental caries and is commonly used in Ayurvedic mouthwashes, creams and pastes.
-|Headerimage=Barleria prionitis Blanco cleaned.png
+|Headerimage=Barleria prionitis (Porcupine flower) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9989.jpg
-|Headercaption=Illustration of Vajradanti plant.
+|Headercaption=Vajradanti plant photographed in Hyderabad
 |Headerspeciesname=Barleria prionitis
 }}
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 |common indian names=குந்தன் Kundan (Tamil); Mullu goranti (Kannada); Kuttivetila (Malayalam);  Pilikantashelio (Gujarati)
 |ref common indian names=Flowers of India
 }}
 {{Infobox binomial classification
@@ Line 29: / Line 31: @@
 |ref plant general morph=EoL through eFloras
 |plant type=Woody (Tree/Shrub)
 |plant cotyledon=Dicot
 |ref plant cotyledon=NCBI Taxonomy
 }}
 {{Medicinal value
 |medicinal significance=Yes
 |medicinal system=Ayurveda, Folk Medicine
 }}
 {{Plant cultural significance}}
 {{Plant cultivation
 |plant commercial=Yes
-|commercial applications=Medicinal use, Cosmetic use
+|commercial applications=Medicinal use, Cosmetic use, Ornamental use
 }}
 {{Infobox taxonomy crosslink
 |iucn=Not Evaluated
@@ Line 50: / Line 93: @@
 |ncbi id=4189
 }}
-{{Commons gallery}}
+{{Commons gallery
 {{Reference web
 |refkeyword=Encyclopedia of Life
@@ Line 74: / Line 120: @@
 |month=08
 |date=28
 }}
 <headertabs/>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <headertabs/>
 {{stub}}
 [[Category:Species page]]
 [[Category:Plants]]