Adansonia digitata - Revision history

Gauravm at 23:49, 20 March 2011

2011-03-20T23:49:28Z

Gauravm at 23:48, 20 March 2011

2011-03-20T23:48:32Z

Gauravm at 03:57, 23 November 2010

2010-11-23T03:57:40Z

Gauravm at 14:33, 6 September 2010

2010-09-06T14:33:18Z

Gauravm: removed old junk

2010-08-20T02:43:26Z

removed old junk

Gauravm: imported raw text into form

2010-08-20T02:02:53Z

imported raw text into form

Gauravm at 20:20, 13 June 2010

2010-06-13T20:20:44Z

Gauravm: /* Morphology and Life Cycle */

2010-06-13T19:58:49Z

‎Morphology and Life Cycle

Gauravm: /* Morphology and Life Cycle */

2010-06-13T19:56:21Z

‎Morphology and Life Cycle

Indlad11: /* Morphology and Life Cycle */

2010-06-08T22:09:33Z

‎Morphology and Life Cycle

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |eolid=584789
 |common name=Baobab
-|common hindi names=ದೊಡ್ದಹುನುಸೆ Doddahunuse (Kannada)
+|common hindi names=Gorakh imli गोरख इमली
-|common indian names=ದೊಡ್ದಹುನುಸೆ Doddahunuse (Kannada)
+|common indian names=ದೊಡ್ದಹುನುಸೆ Doddahunuse (Kannada);Gorakh imli गोरख इमली (Hindi); Gorakh chinch गोरख चिंच (Marathi); Bukha (Gujarati); Brahmaaamlika (Telugu);Gadhagachh (Bengali); Papparappuli பப்பரப்புளி (Tamil); Sarpadandi (Sanskrit)
-Baobab • Hindi: Gorakh imli गोरख इमली (Hindi); Gorakh chinch गोरख चिंच (Marathi); Bukha (Gujarati); Brahmaaamlika (Telugu);Gadhagachh (Bengali); Papparappuli பப்பரப்புளி (Tamil); Sarpadandi (Sanskrit)
+|ref common indian names=Flowers of India,Hindu News
 |ref common indian names=Flowers of India
 |name meaning=The name ''Adansonia'' honours Michel Adanson, the French naturalist and explorer who described ''A. digitata''. The specific epithet digitata refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.
 |ref name meaning=Wikipedia

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Combined plant species form
-|introdescription=''Adansonia digitata'' was recently discovered in the Belgaum district of Karnataka. It has been classified as a rare, endangered species. (HinduNews)
+|introdescription=''Adansonia digitata'', the baobab, is the most widespread of the Adansonia species on the African continent, found in the hot, dry savannahs of sub-Saharan Africa. It also grows, having spread secondary to cultivation, in populated areas. In India, the tree is found in hot, dry regions of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. (Source:Wikipedia,Plants of India)
 |Headerimage=KayesBaobab.jpg
 |Headercaption=African Baobab tree near Kayes, Mali
 |username=Gauravm
 |page creation date=2010/05/20
@@ Line 12: / Line 11: @@
 |common hindi names=ದೊಡ್ದಹುನುಸೆ Doddahunuse (Kannada)
 |common indian names=ದೊಡ್ದಹುನುಸೆ Doddahunuse (Kannada)
-|ref common indian names=HinduNews
+Baobab • Hindi: Gorakh imli गोरख इमली (Hindi); Gorakh chinch गोरख चिंच (Marathi); Bukha (Gujarati); Brahmaaamlika (Telugu);Gadhagachh (Bengali); Papparappuli பப்பரப்புளி (Tamil); Sarpadandi (Sanskrit)
 |name meaning=The name ''Adansonia'' honours Michel Adanson, the French naturalist and explorer who described ''A. digitata''. The specific epithet digitata refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.
 |ref name meaning=Wikipedia
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 |plant height=More than 10 feet
 |ref plant height=Wikipedia
 |flower color=White
 |ref flower color=Wikipedia
 |bloom type=Perennial
-|iucn=Endangered
+|state=Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
-|state=Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
+|ref state=Plants of India
 |biotic zone=Central Deccan Plateau
 |medicinal significance=Yes
@@ Line 64: / Line 62: @@
 |ref modern scientific knowledge=NCBI Taxonomy
 |herbarium=No
 |speciesname=Adansonia digitata
 |mod_species_name=Adansonia_digitata
@@ Line 70: / Line 71: @@
 |itis_link=21591
 }}
-{{Commons gallery|speciesname=Adansonia digitata
+{{Commons gallery|Headerspeciesname=Adansonia digitata
 |mod_species_name=Adansonia_digitata
 |ncbi_id=69109
@@ Line 83: / Line 87: @@
 |month=08
 |date=19
 |speciesname=Adansonia digitata
 |mod_species_name=Adansonia_digitata

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 |page creation date=2010/05/20
 |species name=Adansonia digitata
 |common name=Baobab
 |common hindi names=ದೊಡ್ದಹುನುಸೆ Doddahunuse (Kannada)
@@ Line 29: / Line 31: @@
 |ref flower color=Wikipedia
 |bloom type=Perennial
-|speciesname=Adansonia digitata
+|iucn=Endangered
-|speciesname2=Adansoniadigitata
 |state=Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
 |biotic zone=Central Deccan Plateau
@@ Line 37: / Line 38: @@
 |ref medicinal system=GRIN
 |plant medicinal parts=Fruit, Seeds
 |medicinal use description=This plant is mostly used in African countries as a folk medicine. Not in India.
 |food use=Yes
 |food plant part=Fruit, Seeds
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 A nonprofit organization, PhytoTrade Africa, plans to market the fruit for the benefit of around 2.5 million of the poorest families in southern Africa.
 |religious significance=No
 |plant commercial=Yes
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 A nonprofit organization, PhytoTrade Africa, plans to market the fruit for the benefit of around 2.5 million of the poorest families in southern Africa.
 |ref commercial use description=Wikipedia
 |water requirement=Low
@@ Line 65: / Line 64: @@
 |ref modern scientific knowledge=NCBI Taxonomy
 |herbarium=No
-|iucn=Endangered
+|speciesname=Adansonia digitata
-|species name=Adansonia digitata
+|mod_species_name=Adansonia_digitata
-|mod species name=Adansonia_digitata
+|ncbi_id=69109
-|ncbi id=69109
+|grin_id=1433
-|grin id=1433
+|itis_link=21591
-|itis link=21591
+}}
 }}
 {{Reference web
 |refkeyword=HinduNews
@@ Line 80: / Line 83: @@
 |month=08
 |date=19
 }}
 <headertabs/>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Header Image
+{{Combined plant species form
 |introdescription=''Adansonia digitata'' was recently discovered in the Belgaum district of Karnataka. It has been classified as a rare, endangered species. (HinduNews)
 |Headerimage=KayesBaobab.jpg
 |Headercaption=African Baobab tree near Kayes, Mali
 |Headerspeciesname=Adansonia digitata
 |username=Gauravm
 |page creation date=2010/05/20
@@ Line 16: / Line 13: @@
 |name meaning=The name ''Adansonia'' honours Michel Adanson, the French naturalist and explorer who described ''A. digitata''. The specific epithet digitata refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.
 |ref name meaning=Wikipedia
 |Regnum=Plantae
 |Division=Magnoliophyta
@@ Line 24: / Line 19: @@
 |Family=Bombacaceae
 |Genus=Adansonia
 |plant general morphology=The trees usually grow as solitary individuals, and are large and distinctive trees on the savannah, in the scrub, and near settled areas, with some large individuals living to well over a thousand years of age.The tree bears very large, heavy white flowers. The showy flowers are pendulous with a very large number of stamens. They carry a carrion scent and researchers have shown they appear to be primarily pollinated by fruit bats of the subfamily Pteropodinae. The fruits are filled with pulp that dries, hardens, and falls to pieces which look like chunks of powdery, dry bread.
 |ref plant general morph=Wikipedia
@@ Line 36: / Line 29: @@
 |ref flower color=Wikipedia
 |bloom type=Perennial
 |speciesname=Adansonia digitata
 |speciesname2=Adansoniadigitata
 |state=Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
 |biotic zone=Central Deccan Plateau
 |medicinal significance=Yes
 |medicinal system=Folk Medicine
@@ Line 49: / Line 38: @@
 |plant medicinal parts=Fruit, Seeds
 |medicinal use description=This plant is mostly used in African countries as a folk medicine. Not in India.
 |food use=Yes
 |food plant part=Fruit, Seeds
@@ Line 60: / Line 47: @@
 |religious significance=No
 |plant commercial=Yes
 |ref plant commercial=Wikipedia
@@ Line 74: / Line 59: @@
 |ref commercial use description=Wikipedia
 |water requirement=Low
 |molecular data=Yes
 |molecular data type=Molecular markers
@@ Line 82: / Line 65: @@
 |ref modern scientific knowledge=NCBI Taxonomy
 |herbarium=No
 |iucn=Endangered
 |species name=Adansonia digitata

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:43, 20 August 2010
Line 104:		Line 104:
	[[Category:Plants]]		[[Category:Plants]]
	[[Category:Species page]]		[[Category:Species page]]
−
−
−	'''''Adansonia''''' is a [[w:genus\|genus]] containing eight species of [[w:tree\|trees]], native to [[w:Madagascar\|Madagascar]] (having six species), mainland [[w:Africa\|Africa]],[[w:Australia\|Australia]] and [[India]] (one species in each). The mainland African species also occurs on Madagascar, but it is not a native of that island.
−
−	A typical common name is '''baobab'''. Other common names include boab, boaboa, bottle tree, upside-down tree, and monkey bread tree. The species reach heights of 5-30m and have trunk diameters of 7-11m. [[w:Glencoe Baobab\|Glencoe Baobab]] - an [[w:African Baobab\|African Baobab]] specimen in [[w:Limpopo Province\|Limpopo Province]], [[w:South Africa\|South Africa]], often considered the largest example alive, up to recent times had a [[w:circumference\|circumference]] of 47m and an average diameter of 15.9m.<ref>{{cite web\|title=[http://www.bigbaobab.co.za/baobab.html Big Baobab Facts]\|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref> Recently the tree split up into two parts and it is possible that the stoutest tree now is [[w:Sunland Baobab\|Sunland Baobab]], also in South Africa. Diameter of this tree is 10.64 m, approximate circumference - 33.4 metres.
−
−	Some baobabs are reputed to be many thousands of years old, which is difficult to verify as the [[w:wood\|wood]] does not produce annual [[w:growth ring\|growth ring]]s, though [[w:radiocarbon dating\|radiocarbon dating]] may be able to provide age data.
−
−	The Malagasy species are important components of the [[w:Madagascar dry deciduous forests\|Madagascar dry deciduous forests]]. Within that [[w:biome\|biome]], ''A. madagascariensis'' and ''A. rubrostipa'' occur specifically in the [[w:Anjajavy Forest\|Anjajavy Forest]], sometimes growing out of the [[w:Karst topography\|tsingy]] [[w:limestone\|limestone]] itself.
−
−	Beginning in 2008, there has been increasing interest for developing baobab as a [[w:nutrient\|nutrient]]-rich raw material for consumer products.<ref name=biov>{{cite web\|title=[http://news.bioversityinternational.org/index.php?itemid=1166 Scientists predict African fruit trees could help solve major public health problem]\|accessdate=2008-10-01\|publisher=Bioversity International}}</ref><ref>Hills S. [http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Financial-Industry/Baobab-goes-for-GRAS-ahead-of-2010-World-Cup "Baobab goes for GRAS ahead of 2010 World Cup"] FoodNavigator.com-USA, September 30, 2008</ref>
−
−	~~==Morphology and Life Cycle==~~
−	~~[[Image:Adansonia digitata 20050823 flower.gif\|thumb\|left\|Baobab flower]]~~
−	The trees usually grow as solitary individuals, and are large and distinctive trees on the [[w:savannah\|savannah]], in the [[w:scrubland\|scrub]], and near settled areas, with some large individuals living to well over a thousand years of age.{{Citation needed\|date=June 2010}}
−	The tree bears very large, heavy white flowers. The showy flowers are pendulous with a very large number of stamens. They carry a [[w:carrion\|carrion]] scent and researchers have shown they appear to be primarily pollinated by [[w:fruit bat\|fruit bats]] of the subfamily [[w:Pteropodinae\|Pteropodinae]]. The fruits are filled with pulp that dries, hardens, and falls to pieces which look like chunks of powdery, dry bread.<ref>{{cite book \|authorlink= \|author=National Research Council \|editor= \|others= \|title=Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits \|origdate= \|url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879 \|format= \|accessdate=July 15, 2008 \|edition= \|series=Lost Crops of Africa \|volume=3 \|date=January 25, 2008 \|publisher=[[w:National Academies Press\|National Academies Press]] \|location= \|isbn=978-0-309-10596-5 \|oclc= \|doi= \|id= \|pages= \|chapter=Baobab \|chapterurl=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879&page=41 \|quote= \|ref= }}</ref>
−
−	~~The specific epithet ''digitata'' refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.~~
−
−	~~==Habitat and Geographical Spread==~~
−	'''''[[w:Adansonia digitata\|Adansonia digitata]]''''' is the most widespread of the ''[[w:Adansonia\|Adansonia]]'' species on the African continent, found in the hot, dry [[w:savanna\|savanna]]hs of [[w:sub-Saharan Africa\|sub-Saharan Africa]]. Its range towards the north is limited by water availability.
−
−	In India, only one instance of this tree is known. In 2010, scientists from [[Karnataka]] colleges found this tree growing in the Nadsusi village of Chikodi taluk in [[w:Belgaum\|Belgaum]] district. Locals, who call the tree by the name ''Doddahunuse'' claim that the tree has been growing for over 200 years <ref name="Deccannews">{{cite web\|title=[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/72901/rare-endangered-tree-found-belgaum.html Rare,endangered tree found in Belgaum district]\|publisher= Deccan Herald\|date=2010-06-01\|accessdate=2010-06-04}}</ref>. Only 10-15 such trees are found in [[Karnataka]].
−
−	One more instance of the baobab growing in [[Andhra Pradesh]] was also noted, but has not been verified. <ref>{{cite web\|title=[http://www.hoax-slayer.com/mysterious-tree.shtml Mysterious carved tree hoax]\|accessdate=2010-06-04}}</ref>
−
−	~~==Traditional knowledge in India==~~
−	The news report <ref name="Deccannews"/> states the local belief that this tree was planted by one Ibrahim Roza, a close associate of the [[w:Adil Shah\|Adil Shah]] of [[w:Bijapur\|Bijapur]]. The queen used to visit and stay in this area often. Ibrahim Roza had planted the sapling of this tree as a unique memory of the visit.
−
−	~~==Scientific knowledge==~~
−	~~[[Image:Baobab Frucht.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|''A. digitata'' fruit]]~~
−	The African [[w:Baobab fruit\|baobab's fruit]] 6 to 8 in long has twice as much [[w:calcium\|calcium]] as milk, is high in [[w:anti-oxidants\|Anti-oxidants]], iron and potassium, and has 6 times the [[w:vitamin C\|Vitamin C]] of an orange. The leaves can be eaten as [[w:relish\|relish]], while the fruit dissolved in milk or water can be used as a drink. The seeds also produce [[w:edible oil\|edible oil]].{{fact\|date=June 2010}}
−
−	~~==Commercial applications==~~
−	In 2008, the [[w:European Union\|European Union]] approved the use and consumption of baobab fruit as an ingredient in [[w:smoothie\|smoothie]]s and [[w:cereal bar\|cereal bar]]s.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.acnfp.gov.uk/assess/fullapplics/baobab \|publisher=[[w:Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes\|Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes]] \|title=Baobab dried fruit pulp \|year=2008}}</ref>
−
−	The [[w:Food and Drug Administration (United States)\|United States Food and Drug Administration]] granted [[w:generally recognized as safe\|generally recognized as safe]] status to baobab dried fruit pulp as a food ingredient in 2009.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedasSafeGRAS/GRASListings/ucm174945.htm \|publisher=[[w:Food and Drug Administration (United States)\|FDA]] \|title=Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 000273 \|date=July 25, 2009 \|author=Laura M. Tarantino}}</ref>
−
−	A nonprofit organization, PhytoTrade Africa, plans to market the fruit for the benefit of around 2.5 million of the poorest families in southern Africa.<ref>{{cite news \|title=[http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/society/health/exotic+fruit+cleared+for+uk+sale/2338492 Exotic fruit cleared for UK sale] \|publisher=[[w:Channel 4 News]] \|date=July 15, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|publisher=[[w:BBC News]] \|title=[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7506997.stm New exotic fruit to hit UK shops] \|date=July 15, 2008}}</ref>
−
−	The Baobab Fruit Co. of Senegal<ref>[http://baobabfruitco.com Baobab Fruit Co. Senegal]</ref> currently markets baobab in Europe, and in North America through their agent Conceptula LLC.<ref>[http://baobab-fruit.com Baobab-Fruit.com]</ref> To grow ''A. digitata'' from a seed, cutting into the thick seed coat greatly speeds up germination, from months or years to seven days.
−
−
−	~~==References==~~
−	* This article has been partly reproduced from the [[w:Wikipedia\|Wikipedia]] entries on [[w:Adansonia\|Adansonia]] and [[w:African_Baobab\|African Baobab]]
−	~~{{reflist\|2}}~~
−
−	~~==Summary table==~~
−	~~{{Infobox plant species~~
−	~~\|Species name=Adansonia digitata~~
−	~~\|Regnum=Plantae~~
−	~~\|Division=Magnoliophyta~~
−	~~\|Class=Magnoliopsida~~
−	~~\|Order=Malvales~~
−	~~\|Family=Bombacaceae~~
−	~~\|Genus=Adansonia~~
−	~~\|Habitat=Savannah~~
−	~~\|State=Karnataka,~~
−	~~\|Commercial=Yes~~
−	~~\|Application=Medicine,~~
−	}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{stub|date=2010-06-21}}
+{{Header Image
-''Adansonia digitalis'' was recently discovered in the [[w:Belgaum|Belgaum]] district of Karnataka. It has been classified as a rare, endangered species.
+|introdescription=''Adansonia digitata'' was recently discovered in the Belgaum district of Karnataka. It has been classified as a rare, endangered species. (HinduNews)
-{{Taxobox
- | IUCN = [[w:Endangered|Endangered]]
+|Headerimage=KayesBaobab.jpg
- | name = Monkey bread/Baobab/Doddahunuse
+|Headercaption=African Baobab tree near Kayes, Mali
- | image = KayesBaobab.jpg
+|Headerspeciesname=Adansonia digitata
- | image_width = 200px
+}}
- | image_caption = African Baobab tree near Kayes, Mali
+{{Nomenclature
- | regnum = [[w:Plant|Plant]]ae
+|username=Gauravm
- | divisio = ''[[w:Magnoliophyta|Magnoliophyta]]''
+|page creation date=2010/05/20
- | classis = ''[[w:Magnoliopsida|Magnoliopsida]]''
+|species name=Adansonia digitata
- | ordo = ''[[w:Malvales|Malvales]]''
+|common name=Baobab
- | familia = ''[[w:Bombacaceae|Bombacaceae]]''
+|common hindi names=ದೊಡ್ದಹುನುಸೆ Doddahunuse (Kannada)
- | genus = ''[[w:Adansonia|Adansonia]]''
+|common indian names=ದೊಡ್ದಹುನುಸೆ Doddahunuse (Kannada)
- | genus_authority = ''[[w:Carolus Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]]
+|ref common indian names=HinduNews
- | species=''Adansonia digitata''[[Category:Plants]]
+|name meaning=The name ''Adansonia'' honours Michel Adanson, the French naturalist and explorer who described ''A. digitata''. The specific epithet digitata refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.
 }}
 '''''Adansonia''''' is a [[w:genus|genus]] containing eight species of [[w:tree|trees]], native to [[w:Madagascar|Madagascar]] (having six species), mainland [[w:Africa|Africa]],[[w:Australia|Australia]] and [[India]] (one species in each). The mainland African species also occurs on Madagascar, but it is not a native of that island.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:20, 13 June 2010
Line 36:		Line 36:

	The specific epithet ''digitata'' refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.		The specific epithet ''digitata'' refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.
−
−	~~<gallery>~~
−	~~[[Image:Adansonia digitata 20050823 flower.gif\|Baobab flower]]~~
−	~~</gallery>~~

	==Habitat and Geographical Spread==		==Habitat and Geographical Spread==

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 <gallery>
-[[Image:Adansonia digitata 20050823 flower.gif|thumb|left|Baobab flower]]
+[[Image:Adansonia digitata 20050823 flower.gif|Baobab flower]]
 </gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:56, 13 June 2010
Line 36:		Line 36:

	The specific epithet ''digitata'' refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.		The specific epithet ''digitata'' refers to the fingers of a hand, which the five leaflets (typically) in each cluster bring to mind.
		+
		+	<gallery>
		+	[[Image:Adansonia digitata 20050823 flower.gif\|thumb\|left\|Baobab flower]]
		+	</gallery>

	==Habitat and Geographical Spread==		==Habitat and Geographical Spread==

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 ==Morphology and Life Cycle==
 [[Image:Adansonia digitata 20050823 flower.gif|thumb|left|Baobab flower]]
-The trees usually grow as solitary individuals, and are large and distinctive trees on the [[habitat::w:savannah|savannah]], in the [[w:scrubland|scrub]], and near settled areas, with some large individuals living to well over a thousand years of age.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
+The trees usually grow as solitary individuals, and are large and distinctive trees on the [[w:savannah|savannah]], in the [[w:scrubland|scrub]], and near settled areas, with some large individuals living to well over a thousand years of age.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
 The tree bears very large, heavy white flowers. The showy flowers are pendulous with a very large number of stamens. They carry a [[w:carrion|carrion]] scent and researchers have shown they appear to be primarily pollinated by [[w:fruit bat|fruit bats]] of the subfamily [[w:Pteropodinae|Pteropodinae]]. The fruits are filled with pulp that dries, hardens, and falls to pieces which look like chunks of powdery, dry bread.<ref>{{cite book |authorlink= |author=National Research Council |editor= |others= |title=Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits |origdate= |url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879 |format= |accessdate=July 15, 2008 |edition= |series=Lost Crops of Africa |volume=3 |date=January 25, 2008 |publisher=[[w:National Academies Press|National Academies Press]] |location= |isbn=978-0-309-10596-5 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=Baobab |chapterurl=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11879&page=41 |quote= |ref= }}</ref>